The allergens detected through various studies are proteins of molecular weights 11, 15, 20, 22, 36, 50, 62.3 and >200 kDa. Immunoelectrophoretic studies have identified almost seventeen different antigenic components, four major allergens, and six minor allergens in bovine materials. Cow allergens pose high risk of occupational allergy for not only ranchers and veterinary surgeons, but also for butchers, workers in cheese-producing facility, bakers, chefs, laboratory technicians, and even beauticians. Sensitization to cattle allergens turns out to be more frequent with age, however most of the times it stays asymptomatic. Sensitization and development of allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis are attributed to allergen exposure.
Zebu, the popular humped-back cattle is well adapted to hot tropical climate, while the domesticated taurine conforms to cooler or temperate one.Ĭow hair and dander are the main sources of bovine respiratory allergens. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 19, 148-57.Breeds of domestic cattle are organized in two subspecies categories: Bos taurus indicus, commonly referred to as ‘zebu’, and Bos taurus, or ‘taurine’. (2010) On the origin of cattle: How aurochs became cattle and colonized the world. Ījmone-MarsanP., Garcia J.F., Lenstra J.A. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12, 896-901. (2009) Karyotype of Malayan Gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki), Sahiwal-Friesian Cattle and Gaur x Cattle Hybrid Backcrosses. (2009) The Multifaceted Origin of Taurine Cattle Reflected by the Mitochondrial Genome. ĪchilliA., Bonfiglio S., Olivieri A., et al. ĪchilliA., Olivieri A., Pellecchia M., et al (2008) Mitochondrial genomes of extinct aurochs survive in domestic cattle. (2018) Fossil Bovidae from Late Miocene Dhok Pathan Formation of Siwaliks, Northern Pakistan. © 2020 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.ĪbbasS.G., Babar M.A., Khan M.A., Aftab K., Riaz A., Ghaffar A., Akhtar M. Analysis at the genomic level indicates that introgression may have played a role in environmental adaptation.īison cattle hybridization introgression taxonomy yak. For instance, Chinese gayal carries zebu mitochondrial DNA several Indonesian zebu descend from zebu bull × banteng cow crossings Tibetan cattle and yak have exchanged gene variants and about 5% of the American bison contain taurine mtDNA. The overlapping and broad ranges of taurine and zebu cattle led to hybridization with each other and with other bovine species. The high diversity of European breeds has been shaped through isolation-by-distance, different production objectives, breed formation and the expansion of popular breeds. The global dispersion of taurine and zebu cattle was accompanied by population bottlenecks, which resulted in a marked phylogeographic differentiation of the mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal DNA. In this study, we review recent literature on the origin and phylogeny, domestication and dispersal of the three major Bos species - taurine cattle, zebu and yak - and their genetic interactions. 10 000 BCE) has contributed significantly to the development of human civilization. Domestication of the Bovini species (taurine cattle, zebu, yak, river buffalo and swamp buffalo) since the early Holocene (ca.
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